GRAB Legal Proceedings

in which we may be involved could expose us to monetary damages or limit the ability to operate our business. We have been in the past, are currently, and may be in the future, involved in private actions, collective actions, class actions, investigations, and various other legal proceedings by driver- and merchant-partners, consumers, employees, commercial partners, competitors, or government agencies, among others, relating to, for example, personal injury or property damage cases, wrongful act, subrogation, employment or labor-related disputes such as wrongful termination of employment, consumer complaints, disputes with driver-partners and merchant-partners, contractual disputes with consumers or suppliers, disputes with third parties and regulatory inquiries or proceedings relating to compliance with competition and data privacy regulations. The results of any such litigation, investigations, and legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and may be expensive. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, costly, and harmful to our reputation, and could require significant amounts of management time and corporate resources. Furthermore, we may be held jointly responsible for claims against third parties offering their services through our platform, including driver- or merchant-partners. If any of these legal proceedings were to be determined adversely to us, or we were to enter into any settlement arrangement, we could be exposed to monetary damages or be forced to change the way in which we operate our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. 37 Table of Contents In addition, we regularly include arbitration provisions in our terms of service with end-users and driver- and merchant-partners, and in certain markets include other provisions such as mediation provisions or, in Singapore, for certain disputes to be referred to the Small Claims Tribunal. These provisions are intended to streamline the dispute resolution process for all parties involved, as arbitration or other methods of alternative dispute resolution can in some cases be faster and less costly than litigation in court. However, arbitration or other methods of alternative dispute resolution may become more costly for us, or the volume of cases may increase and become burdensome. Further, the use of arbitration or other alternative dispute resolution provisions may subject us to certain risks to our reputation and brand, as these provisions have been the subject of increasing public scrutiny. To minimize these risks, we may voluntarily limit our use of arbitration or other alternative dispute resolution provisions, or we may be required to do so, in any legal or regulatory proceeding, either of which could increase our litigation costs and exposure in respect of such proceedings. In December 2018, we were assessed approximately PHP 1.4 billion (approximately $25.3 million) in the Philippines for an alleged deficiency in local business taxes. We are contesting this assessment and our case remains under review by the regional trial court. In 2023, the PCC imposed a fine of PHP 6 million (approximately $108,000) on us for supposedly violating three separate Commission orders to return PHP 25.45 million to the customers and imposed another fine of PHP 3 million (approximately $54,000) for providing incorrect and misleading information in the compliance reports that have been submitted with respect to the said refund orders. In October 2018, a taxi driver filed a claim against the Thai regulator alleging that the Thai regulator omitted and neglected to perform its duties by allowing Grabtaxi (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (“Grabtaxi Thailand”) to operate GrabCar. Grabtaxi Thailand was a co-defendant in this case. In May 2023, the Thai Administrative Court dismissed the taxi driver’s complaint as the Thai regulator has promulgated new laws to regulate ride-hailing services in Thailand, and Grabtaxi Thailand has since obtained a license under the new laws. In July 2023, Grabtaxi Thailand received an official letter from the court confirming that the mentioned verdict was final, and so this case was officially closed. In October 2023, a complaint was filed against Grab Holdings Limited, Grab Holdings, Inc., and Grabtaxi Holdings Pte. Ltd. in the Superior Court of California where plaintiff alleges, among other things, that we conspired to misappropriate the ‘GrabMart Super App’ name and technology from plaintiff. We are defending against the lawsuit vigorously to protect our and our shareholders’ interests. The case is currently in a very preliminary stage. For additional details of certain legal proceedings involving us, see “